{"id":190,"date":"2014-10-08T16:07:33","date_gmt":"2014-10-08T14:07:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/?p=190"},"modified":"2015-06-19T11:33:02","modified_gmt":"2015-06-19T09:33:02","slug":"all-about-that-bass-shake-it-off-mixing-advice-mix-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mixedbymarcmozart.com\/it\/2014\/10\/08\/all-about-that-bass-shake-it-off-mixing-advice-mix-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Mixing Low End: &#8220;All About That Bass&#8221; (Mix by Kevin Kadish)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text]<strong>This is my analysis of the song &#8220;All About That Bass&#8221;, written, produced and mixed by <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kevin_Kadish\" target=\"_blank\">Kevin Kadish<\/a>. The song is now nominated for &#8220;Song of the Year&#8221; at the 57th Grammy Awards.<\/strong><br \/>\nWhether you like it or not, the current music industry is a <strong>hit-driven environment<\/strong>. Album-Sales are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/news\/5869761\/us-album-sales-volume-falls-to-new-low\" target=\"_blank\">down<\/a>, and the songwriters, producers and engineers who still earn solid money in this job are the ones that attach their name to a huge worldwide hit-record.<\/p>\n<p>Regardless of what genre you&#8217;re working in, I firmly believe it&#8217;s part of our profession to keep an eye on what&#8217;s moving the masses, and pay attention to what works commercially, and why.<br \/>\nThis is something I expand on in the chapter called References and A\/Bing <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/buy-mixing-books-tutorials\/\" title=\"eBook \u201cYour Mix Sucks\u201d\" target=\"_blank\">in the new book<\/a><\/strong> &#8211; you need to know where RMS-levels and dynamics are at, what the frequency-curves of mixes are like, and always have current references at hand &#8211; especially when your plan is to do something opposite to the current trends.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s take a look at the mixes of the two biggest worldwide hits of the year 2014: &#8220;All About That Bass&#8221; by Meghan Trainor (in part 1) and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/2014\/10\/15\/mixing-low-end-shake\/\" title=\"Mixing Low End: \u201cShake It Off\u201d\">&#8220;Shake It Off&#8221; by Taylor Swift (in part 2)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[wdfb_like_button]<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;ll focus specifically on analysing the low end of these mixes, how well Kick and Bass are working together, and recommend you have a look at my post on <a title=\"Mixing Kicks \u2013 Real Kick Drums, 808, 909, subkicks in the mix\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/2014\/10\/02\/mixing-kicks-real-kick-drums-808-909-subkicks-mix\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mixing Kicks<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In <a title=\"Mixing Kicks \u2013 Real Kick Drums, 808, 909, subkicks in the mix\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/2014\/10\/02\/mixing-kicks-real-kick-drums-808-909-subkicks-mix\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mixing Kicks<\/a>, I have established that a Kick Drum Sound consists of 3 different frequency components:<br \/>\n<strong>1. the fundamental root note in the low end (45 &#8211; 75\u00a0Hz),<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>2. the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pressure_point\" target=\"_blank\">pressure point<\/a> (an octave higher, 90 &#8211; 150 Hz)<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>and 3. harmonics and noise (anything above).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>First let&#8217;s have a listen\u00a0to Megan Trainor&#8217;s &#8220;All About That Bass&#8221;, written, produced and mixed by Nashville-based <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kevin_Kadish\" target=\"_blank\">Kevin Kadish<\/a>. I recommend you go <a href=\"https:\/\/itunes.apple.com\/us\/album\/title-ep\/id914382826\" target=\"_blank\">buy the track on\u00a0iTunes<\/a> &#8211; it will be a valuable mix reference and shows some clever thinking when it comes to the planning of the low end.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vevo.com\/watch\/meghan-trainor\/All-About-That-Bass\/USSM21400908\" target=\"_blank\">Meghan Trainor &#8220;All About That Bass&#8221; on VEVO<br \/>\n<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Meghan Trainor - All About That Bass (Official Music Video)\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7PCkvCPvDXk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Here are my observations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. The song is in A major, based on the chord progression<\/strong><br \/>\nA major \/ b minor \/ E major \/ A major<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Bass notes used and their frequencies<br \/>\n<\/strong>(open <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piano_key_frequencies\" target=\"_blank\">this page for referencing notes and their frequencies<\/a>)<br \/>\nThe lowest notes the bass plays are (from lowest to highest):<br \/>\nE1 &#8211; 41.2 Hz (root note of E major, the dominant chord)<br \/>\nG1 &#8211; 48.9 Hz (minor 3rd to E major, used as a blue note)<br \/>\nG#1 &#8211; 51.9 Hz (major 3rd to E major)<br \/>\nA1 &#8211; 55 Hz (root note to A major, the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tonic_(music)\" target=\"_blank\">tonic<\/a> chord)<br \/>\nB1 &#8211; 61.7 Hz (root note of b minor, the minor parallel of the subdominant chord; also 5th to E major)<br \/>\nC2 &#8211; 65.4 Hz (minor 3rd to A major, used as a blue note)<br \/>\nC#2 &#8211; 69.2 Hz (major 3rd to A major)<br \/>\nD2 &#8211; 73.4 Hz (minor 3rd to b minor)<br \/>\nE2 &#8211; 82.4 Hz (5th to A major)<br \/>\nF#2 &#8211; 92.4 Hz (5th to b minor)<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. The bass sound used is a double bass played pizzicato style<br \/>\n<\/strong>The frequency-spectrum of the double bass\u00a0is <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">dominated by the 2nd harmonic (octave up, see below) and 1st harmonic (the frequencies listed above)<\/span>. Other than a tiny and very short plugging noise that happens around\u00a04-8KHz, there&#8217;s not much that can be boosted to bring the bass upfront in the mix. Compare that to a bass guitar, where you can feature the mids or even run a parallel track through a distortion pedal or guitar amp.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. List of \u00a0frequencies occupied by bass and kick drum<\/strong><br \/>\nThis is the complete list of frequencies the bass and kick\u00a0in &#8220;All About That Bass&#8221; occupy in the mix:<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>41.2 Hz &#8211; E1 (fundamental frequency)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong> 48.9 Hz &#8211; G1\u00a0(fundamental frequency)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong> 51.9 Hz &#8211; G#1\u00a0(fundamental frequency)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>54 Hz &#8211; KICK (fundamental root note)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">55 Hz &#8211; A1\u00a0(fundamental frequency)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> 61.7 Hz &#8211; B1\u00a0(fundamental frequency)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> 65.4 Hz &#8211; C2\u00a0(fundamental frequency)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> 69.2 Hz &#8211; C#2\u00a0(fundamental frequency)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> 73.4 Hz &#8211; D2\u00a0(fundamental frequency)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> 82.4 Hz &#8211; E2\u00a0(fundamental frequency)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> 88.4 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of E1<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> 92.4 Hz &#8211; F#2\u00a0(fundamental frequency)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> 98 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of G1<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> 103.8 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of G#1<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">108 Hz &#8211; KICK (pressure point)<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>110 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of A1<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong> 123.4 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of B1<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong> 130.8 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of C2<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong> 138.6 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of C#2<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong> 146.8 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of D2<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong> 164.8 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of E2<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong> 185 Hz &#8211; 2nd harmonic of F#2<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Yeah, I know it was kind of obviously from the first listen &#8211; that bluesy bassline played by the double bass is totally dominating the low end frequency spectrum of the mix, and a purely theoretic frequency analysis confirms that.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Let&#8217;s look at some frequency curves!<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><strong>This curve is made from the intro of the song and shows JUST bass and vocals (using <a href=\"https:\/\/documentation.apple.com\/en\/logicstudio\/effects\/index.html#chapter=5%26section=5%26tasks=true\" target=\"_blank\">LogicPro X&#8217;s Match EQ<\/a> &#8220;learn&#8221;-feature):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/all_about_that_bass_double_bass_analyser.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-197\" src=\"https:\/\/mixedbymarcmozart.cdnport.com\/2022\/04\/w6KAXUAe-all_about_that_bass_double_bass_analyser-1024x705.jpg\" alt=\"All About That Bass - Double Bass Analyser Curve\" width=\"474\" height=\"325\" \/><\/a>There is definitely a High Pass Filter (HPF) used that cuts even into the lowest bass note. The HPF plus the notch just below 200Hz give the bass a very defined place in the frequency spectrum of the mix.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Let&#8217;s look at the Kick Drum in comparison:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/all_about_that_bass_kick_analyser.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-198\" src=\"https:\/\/mixedbymarcmozart.cdnport.com\/2022\/04\/4tO8Fvyd-all_about_that_bass_kick_analyser-1024x708.jpg\" alt=\"all_about_that_bass_kick_analyser\" width=\"474\" height=\"327\" \/><\/a>The <strong>fundamental note of the Kick sits at 54Hz<\/strong>, just below the root note of the song key, with the <strong>pressure point an octave higher, at 108Hz<\/strong>.<br \/>\nThe Kick is very compressed and\u00a0sits &#8220;behind&#8221; the bass, to\u00a0never dominate the low end of the track. There is\u00a0<strong>another bump below 200Hz<\/strong> which works perfectly as the bass has a notch at the same place. The Kick is a very rich sound with lots of noises and higher harmonics, so it still sticks out, but definitely not because anything would be boosted in the low end.<br \/>\nNote how there is nothing notable happening below 50Hz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Here&#8217;s what I&#8217;ve done to find out at what frequencies the Kick exactly sits, which wasn&#8217;t as easy as usual.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Logic Pro&#8217;s Channel EQ Analyser, looking at the track in\u00a0a section where there&#8217;s no bass.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/all_about_that_kick_peak_analyser.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-202 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/mixedbymarcmozart.cdnport.com\/2022\/04\/2PTpCNNz-all_about_that_kick_peak_analyser-1024x626.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"474\" height=\"289\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Next, I&#8217;m creating a <strong>very small EQ band, fully boosted<\/strong> <em>(keep your speakers at low level to not blow them)<\/em>, then slide the frequency through the low end until I find the exact resonance frequency.<br \/>\nI repeat this with a second EQ band and find the next big resonance above. Obviously looking at the analyser helps.<br \/>\nWhen you do this, watch how the analyser reacts. Between 54Hz and 55Hz there was only a small difference, but clearly the resonance sits closer to 54Hz.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/all_about_that_kick_eq_peaks_analyser.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-201 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/mixedbymarcmozart.cdnport.com\/2022\/04\/TMsqg8no-all_about_that_kick_eq_peaks_analyser-1024x626.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"474\" height=\"289\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>When you change the EQ gain from + 24dB to -24dB, you can completely suck the life out of the kick with an EQ notch, further proof that we found the right spots.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/all_about_that_kick_eq_notch_analyser.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-200 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/mixedbymarcmozart.cdnport.com\/2022\/04\/s2OcVMdW-all_about_that_kick_eq_notch_analyser-1024x626.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"474\" height=\"289\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In my own mixes, I&#8217;m going through the same process, take a look at the song key, the frequencies and plan\u00a0how to fit Kick and Bass together.<br \/>\nSometimes the Kick lacks clear distinctive frequencies for fundamental note and pressure point.<br \/>\nIn that case, I locate them, and boost a little bit.<br \/>\nSometimes though, I receive Kicks that have too much of a boost on the fundamental note or pressure point. They can be easily tamed by setting a notch EQ on the frequency and then just backing off 1-2dB.<\/p>\n<p>Kevin Kadish, producer and mix engineer of &#8220;All About That Bass&#8221;, has done a great job. He didn&#8217;t boost anything in the low end to not create any resonances, rolled everything off under 50Hz and made Kick and Bass sit tight in the mix by using heavy but tasteful compression. That totally fits the 50s retro-vibe of the song, and pays tribute to the age of vinyl, when engineers had to make sure to keep the low end clean.<\/p>\n<p>As mix engineers, we always face situations where we have to figure out a solution for the issues discussed in this post. Obviously, there is a lot more leeway on Kicks &#8211; I am discussing <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/2014\/10\/02\/mixing-kicks-real-kick-drums-808-909-subkicks-mix\/\" title=\"Mixing Kicks: Frequencies, Tones, Tuning &#038; Transients\">how to create handles for the relevant parameters of the Kick Drum in Mixing Kicks&#8230; &#8211; check it out<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/2014\/10\/15\/mixing-low-end-shake\/\" title=\"Mixing Low End: \u201cShake It Off\u201d\">Part 2 of this article<\/a>, we&#8217;ll take a look at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mixedbymarcmozart.com\/2014\/10\/15\/mixing-low-end-shake\/\" title=\"Mixing Low End: \u201cShake It Off\u201d\">Taylor Swift&#8217;s\u00a0&#8220;Shake It Off&#8221;<\/a>, which is in a similar vain stylistically, but very different tonally.<\/p>\n<p>If you found this info useful, subscribe to my newsletter and be the first to .<br \/>\nJoin the discussion on my <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/mixedbymarcmozart\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook Page<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/marcmozartmixes\" target=\"_blank\">Twitter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[wdfb_like_button][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_column_text]This is my analysis of the song &#8220;All About That Bass&#8221;, written, produced and mixed by Kevin Kadish. The song is now nominated for &#8220;Song of the Year&#8221; at the 57th Grammy Awards. Whether you like it or not, the current music industry is a hit-driven environment. Album-Sales are down, and the songwriters, producers&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2760,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,4],"tags":[11,12,9,10,8],"class_list":["post-190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-famous-mix","category-mixing-advice","tag-bass","tag-double-bass","tag-kick","tag-kicks","tag-mixing-advice-2","category-13","category-4","description-off"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&quot;All About That Bass&quot; \u2022 Tutorial \u2022 Mix by Kevin Kadish<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Famous Mix Series: Mixing Bass Tutorial, learn tricks from Meghan Trainor&#039;s &quot;All About That Bass&quot;: EQing, harmonics, low end frequencies, mixing kick drum\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mixedbymarcmozart.com\/it\/2014\/10\/08\/all-about-that-bass-shake-it-off-mixing-advice-mix-analysis\/\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mixedbymarcmozart.com\\\/it\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/08\\\/all-about-that-bass-shake-it-off-mixing-advice-mix-analysis\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mixedbymarcmozart.com\\\/it\\\/2014\\\/10\\\/08\\\/all-about-that-bass-shake-it-off-mixing-advice-mix-analysis\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"marcmozart\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/mixedbymarcmozart.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3da9b6253db05a5664aeee78478e6343\"},\"headline\":\"Mixing Low End: &#8220;All About That Bass&#8221; 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